可降解餐具是指可在自然環(huán)境微生物（細(xì)菌、霉菌、藻類）和酶作用下，發(fā)生生物化學(xué)反應(yīng)，引起外觀霉變到內(nèi)在質(zhì)量變化，終形成二氧化碳和水的餐具。

Biodegradable tableware refers to tableware that can undergo biochemical reactions under the action of natural microorganisms (bacteria, molds, algae) and enzymes, causing external mold to change to internal quality, ultimately forming carbon dioxide and water.

可降解餐具使用材料分兩種：一種是天然材料制成的，如紙制品、秸稈、淀粉等，可全降解，也稱之為環(huán)保產(chǎn)品；另一種是以塑料為主要成分，加入淀粉、光敏劑等物質(zhì)制成，可部分降解。

There are two types of materials used in biodegradable tableware: one is made of natural materials, such as paper products, straw, starch, etc., which can be fully degraded, also known as environmentally friendly products; Another method is to use plastic as the main component and add substances such as starch and photosensitizers, which can be partially degraded.

玉米淀粉基餐具

Corn starch based tableware

玉米淀粉基餐具是目前市場上比較常見的可降解餐盒，淀粉的主要來源是玉米，所以有時(shí)叫玉米淀粉基，但這類餐盒其實(shí)是淀粉和傳統(tǒng)石油基PP等的混合塑料，國外叫生物基。

Corn starch based tableware is a common biodegradable food box in the current market. The main source of starch is corn, so it is sometimes called corn starch based. However, this type of food box is actually a mixed plastic of starch and traditional petroleum based PP, which is called bio based abroad.

玉米淀粉基餐具是通過淀粉的生物降解而致使整個(gè)材料物理性能崩潰，但崩潰后的石油基PP還是不可降解的，降解率根據(jù)餐盒成分可達(dá)40%-80%，所以只能算是可降解餐盒，而不能算是全降解。

Corn starch based tableware is caused by the biodegradation of starch, which leads to the collapse of the physical properties of the entire material. However, after the collapse, petroleum based PP is still non degradable, and the degradation rate can reach 40% -80% based on the composition of the food box. Therefore, it can only be considered a degradable food box, not a fully degradable one.

因此玉米淀粉基餐具只能在一定程度上替代塑料制品，是目前市場上飽受爭議的塑料餐具的替代品。

Therefore, corn starch based tableware can only partially replace plastic products and is currently a controversial alternative to plastic tableware in the market.

紙漿模塑餐具（植物纖維模塑餐具）

Pulp molded tableware (plant fiber molded tableware)

在原材料上，紙漿模塑一次性餐盒以麥秸稈、甘蔗渣等植物纖維為原材料，不添加任何PP材料，通過紙漿模塑濕壓工藝成型，在紙漿中添加防水防油等食品級助劑，達(dá)到盛放冷熱食物的的效果。

In terms of raw materials, pulp molded disposable lunch boxes use plant fibers such as wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse as raw materials, without adding any PP materials. They are formed through pulp molding wet pressing technology, and food grade additives such as waterproof and oil proof are added to the pulp to achieve the effect of storing cold and hot food.

植物纖維可降解餐盒也是目前市場上活躍的餐盒類型之一，以率先禁塑的海南省為例，海南省以禁止塑料餐具的使用、流通、銷售、存放，紙漿模塑餐具無疑成為理想的塑料替代品。

Plant fiber biodegradable lunch boxes are also one of the most active types of lunch boxes in the current market. Taking Hainan Province, which was the first to ban plastic tableware, as an example, Hainan Province has completely banned the use, circulation, sales, and storage of plastic tableware. Pulp molded tableware undoubtedly becomes an ideal plastic substitute.

甘蔗漿一次性餐盒屬于全降解類型餐盒，可在工業(yè)堆肥或者家庭堆肥條件下90天完全降解為有機(jī)質(zhì)，回歸自然，是屬于真正意義上的完全可降解材料，在禁塑的道路上具備一定優(yōu)越性。

Sugarcane pulp disposable food boxes belong to the fully degradable type of food boxes, which can be completely degraded into organic matter under industrial or household composting conditions for 90 days, returning to nature. They are truly fully degradable materials and have certain advantages on the road of plastic prohibition.

PLA降解餐具

PLA degradable tableware

PLA降解餐盒通常是指在紙漿模塑工藝上PLA復(fù)合膜與紙漿模塑產(chǎn)品結(jié)合的產(chǎn)品，即PLA覆膜產(chǎn)品。

PLA degradable lunch boxes usually refer to products that combine PLA composite film with pulp molded products in the pulp molding process, namely PLA coated products.

PLA復(fù)合膜是由聚乳酸為原料生產(chǎn)加工而成的，可以通過加熱，復(fù)合在紙漿模塑及紙制品上的，一種完全可降解膜。

PLA composite film is produced and processed from polylactic acid as raw material, which can be heated and compounded on pulp molding and paper products. It is a completely biodegradable film.

聚乳酸（PLA）是一種新型的生物降解材料，使用可再生的植物資源所提出的淀粉原料制成。淀粉原料經(jīng)由糖化得到葡萄糖，再由葡萄糖及一定的菌種發(fā)酵制成高純度的乳酸，再通過化學(xué)合成方法合成一定分子量的聚乳酸。

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a new type of biodegradable material made from starch raw materials proposed from renewable plant resources. Starch raw materials are saccharified to obtain glucose, which is then fermented with certain strains to produce high-purity lactic acid. Then, a certain molecular weight of polylactic acid is synthesized through chemical synthesis methods.

通過覆膜工藝與紙漿模塑產(chǎn)品結(jié)合以后，可以節(jié)省防水防油劑的使用，起到密封紙漿模塑產(chǎn)品氣孔的作用，餐具在實(shí)際使用過程中減少了產(chǎn)品的透氣性，保溫性能更高，保溫時(shí)間更長。

By combining the lamination process with pulp molded products, the use of waterproof and oil proof agents can be saved, which can seal the pores of pulp molded products. In actual use, tableware reduces the breathability of the product, resulting in higher insulation performance and longer insulation time.

理論上PLA是一種生物塑料，且結(jié)晶度低（材料的結(jié)晶度越低，負(fù)責(zé)生物降解的微生物就越容易對材料進(jìn)行化學(xué)分解），比石油基的塑料要容易降解很多。但是由于添加了其它成分，同時(shí)聚合的過程會提高結(jié)晶度。這些因素都會PLA降解的時(shí)間變長。

In theory, PLA is a bioplastic with low crystallinity (the lower the crystallinity of the material, the easier it is for the microorganisms responsible for biodegradation to chemically decompose the material), which is much easier to degrade than petroleum based plastics. However, due to the addition of other components, the polymerization process will increase crystallinity. These factors will lead to longer degradation time of PLA.

但PLA降解需要滿足以下幾個(gè)條件：

But PLA degradation needs to meet the following conditions:

1、大量的微生物；

1. A large number of microorganisms;

2、高溫，超過30℃時(shí)，微生物才會開始降解PLA；

2. At high temperatures exceeding 30 ℃, microorganisms begin to degrade PLA;

3、潮濕，濕度越高水解效率越高。

3. Wet, the higher the humidity, the higher the hydrolysis efficiency.

要同時(shí)滿足這幾個(gè)條件的環(huán)境，在自然界中可以說非常。

The environment that satisfies these conditions simultaneously can be said to be very rare in nature.

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