玉米淀粉顆粒是由高度分支的分子呈放射狀排列組成的其中，以側(cè)鏈相互聚集形成雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)，并通過氫鍵締合形成淀粉顆粒的結(jié)晶區(qū)。此外，鏈段分支部分不參與形成微晶束，為無定形區(qū)同普通品種淀粉相比，玉米淀粉顆粒的結(jié)晶區(qū)排列松散不緊密，使得熱氣、水分等更容易進(jìn)入微晶束內(nèi)部，將鏈間氧鍵結(jié)合力降低，使淀粉結(jié)晶區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)改變，而使結(jié)晶度降低。

Corn starch granules are composed of highly branched molecules arranged radially, in which side chains gather with each other to form a double helix structure, and the crystalline region of starch granules is formed by hydrogen bond association. In addition, the branch part of the chain segment does not participate in the formation of microcrystalline bundles, which is an amorphous area. Compared with ordinary varieties of starch, the crystalline areas of corn starch particles are arranged loosely and not tightly, making it easier for hot gas and water to enter the microcrystalline bundles, reducing the binding force of oxygen bonds between chains, changing the structure of starch crystalline areas and reducing the crystallinity.

將部分結(jié)晶區(qū)向無定形區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)變，史容易發(fā)生物化反應(yīng)。[1]淀粉顆粒的無定形區(qū)是親水的，將顆粒浸入水中就會(huì)吸水，先是有限的可逆膨脹，而后是整個(gè)顆粒膨脹。

The transformation of some crystalline regions to amorphous regions is prone to biochemical reactions. [1] The amorphous region of starch particles is hydrophilic. When the particles are immersed in water, they will absorb water, first limited reversible expansion, and then the expansion of the whole particle.

淀粉含量較高，可達(dá)28%；糊化溫度高（62-72℃），具有較好的抗剪切能力；顆粒緊密；脂類化合物含量多，易形成直鏈淀粉-脂類化合物。淀粉約占玉米籽粒干重的70%左右，是玉米籽粒的重要組成部分。

The starch content is high, up to 28%; High gelatinization temperature (62-72 ℃) and good shear resistance; Dense particles; There are many lipid compounds, which are easy to form amylose lipid compounds. Starch accounts for about 70% of the dry weight of corn grains and is an important part of corn grains.

玉米淀粉營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分脂肪特點(diǎn)是:一半以上為亞油酸,并具有谷固醇、卵磷脂、維生素e等有益于防治血管硬化和促進(jìn)腦細(xì)胞功能的物質(zhì)。直鏈淀粉含量高，糊化溫度較高，顆粒緊密。

The nutritional composition of corn starch fat is characterized by that more than half of it is linoleic acid, and has glutasterol, lecithin, vitamin E and other substances beneficial to the prevention and treatment of vascular sclerosis and the promotion of brain cell function. The amylose content is high, the gelatinization temperature is high, and the particles are compact.

玉米淀粉以顆粒的形式貯存于植物的各個(gè)器官中，主要由直鏈淀粉和支鏈淀粉構(gòu)成。直鏈淀粉呈線性結(jié)構(gòu)，幾乎沒有分支，相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量介于105～106之間，支鏈淀粉呈高度分支的簇狀結(jié)構(gòu)，相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量在107～109之間。

Corn starch is stored in various organs of plants in the form of granules, which is mainly composed of amylose and amylopectin. Amylose has a linear structure, almost no branches, and the relative molecular weight is between 105 and 106. Amylopectin has a highly branched cluster structure, and the relative molecular weight is between 107 and 109.

玉米淀粉顆粒由交替出現(xiàn)的“生長(zhǎng)環(huán)”的無定形層和半結(jié)晶層組成，厚度在100～400nm之間。其中，無定形區(qū)主要由直鏈淀粉分子構(gòu)成，半結(jié)晶區(qū)主要由支鏈淀粉分子構(gòu)成；半結(jié)晶區(qū)中又包含結(jié)晶片層和非晶片層。淀粉顆粒這種特殊的無定形區(qū)和半結(jié)晶區(qū)交替出現(xiàn)的排列方式，使得其對(duì)光產(chǎn)生了特殊的折射現(xiàn)象，即偏光十字。

Corn starch granules are composed of amorphous layer and semi crystalline layer of alternating "growth ring", with a thickness of 100 ~ 400 nm. Among them, the amorphous region is mainly composed of amylose molecules, and the semi crystalline region is mainly composed of amylopectin molecules; The semi crystalline region also includes a crystalline wafer layer and an amorphous layer. The special arrangement of starch particles with alternating amorphous region and semi crystalline region makes it produce a special refraction phenomenon to light, namely polarizing cross.

玉米淀粉改性后，其顆粒形態(tài)、分子結(jié)構(gòu)、晶型、結(jié)晶度、溶解度、糊化特性以及流變學(xué)性質(zhì)等發(fā)生改變，可達(dá)到改善淀粉的加工特性并提高其應(yīng)用價(jià)值的目的。

After the modification of corn starch, its particle morphology, molecular structure, crystal form, crystallinity, solubility, gelatinization characteristics and rheological properties are changed, which can improve the processing characteristics of starch and improve its application value.

玉米淀粉顆粒的主要特點(diǎn)如下：直鏈淀粉含量較高，可達(dá)28%；糊化溫度高（62-72℃），具有較好的抗剪切能力；顆粒緊密；脂類化合物含量多，易形成直鏈淀粉-脂類化合物。淀粉約占玉米籽粒干重的70%左右，是玉米籽粒的重要組成部分。利用物理、化學(xué)等方法可以將淀粉轉(zhuǎn)化為低分子化合物或高分子聚合物，可以作為良好的加工原料。

The main characteristics of corn starch are as follows: the content of amylose is high, up to 28%; High gelatinization temperature (62-72 ℃) and good shear resistance; Dense particles; There are many lipid compounds, which are easy to form amylose lipid compounds. Starch accounts for about 70% of the dry weight of corn grains and is an important part of corn grains. Starch can be transformed into low molecular compounds or high molecular polymers by physical and chemical methods, which can be used as good processing raw materials.
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