淀粉顆粒由直鏈淀粉和直鏈淀粉組成。它廣泛儲(chǔ)存在多種綠色植物的葉、根、芽、果實(shí)、谷粒和莖等組織器官中，是生物圈中含量更豐富的碳水化合物之一。在工業(yè)上也有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景，可用于制造葡萄糖、麥芽糖、酒精等工業(yè)原料。生活中可制成多種食物，有效補(bǔ)充能量。

Starch granules are composed of amylose and amylose. It is widely stored in the leaves, roots, buds, fruits, grains, stems and other organs of a variety of green plants. It is one of the most abundant carbohydrates in the biosphere. It also has broad application prospects in industry, and can be used to manufacture industrial raw materials such as glucose, maltose, alcohol, etc. It can be made into a variety of foods in life to effectively supplement energy.

淀粉是一種天然多糖化合物，以顆粒形式廣泛存在于植物的果實(shí)、根、莖和葉中，是人體碳水化合物的主要來(lái)源之一。目前，用于淀粉生產(chǎn)的常見(jiàn)作物有玉米、甘薯、馬鈴薯等。通常，淀粉顆粒以細(xì)粉顆粒的狀態(tài)存在，肉眼很難直接區(qū)分淀粉的種類。

Starch is a natural polysaccharide compound, which widely exists in fruits, roots, stems and leaves of plants in the form of granules. It is one of the main sources of carbohydrates for human body. At present, the common crops used in starch production are corn, sweet potato, potato, etc. Usually, starch particles exist in the state of fine powder particles, and it is difficult to directly distinguish the types of starch with the naked eye.

這時(shí)就需要使用放大鏡進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的鑒別觀察。常見(jiàn)的觀察方法是使用光學(xué)顯微鏡進(jìn)行觀察，但由于景深和放大倍率的限制，很難獲得的觀察結(jié)果。掃描電子顯微鏡由于其優(yōu)異的景深和超高倍率，在淀粉行業(yè)具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。

At this time, it is necessary to use a magnifying glass for further identification and observation. The common observation method is to use an optical microscope for observation, but due to the limitation of depth of field and magnification, it is difficult to obtain perfect observation results. Scanning electron microscope has a wide application prospect in starch industry because of its excellent depth of field and ultra-high magnification.、

近年來(lái)，隨著國(guó)內(nèi)淀粉生產(chǎn)加工貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，不同淀粉的差異很大，市場(chǎng)上食用淀粉摻假的案例屢見(jiàn)不鮮。由于許多植物中都存在淀粉粒，淀粉粒的形態(tài)也不同，用電鏡檢測(cè)淀粉粒是一種有效的檢測(cè)方法。

In recent years, with the development of domestic starch production, processing and trade, the prices of different starches vary greatly. There are many cases of adulteration of edible starch in the market. Because there are starch granules in many plants, and the morphology of starch granules is also different, it is an effective method to detect starch granules by electron microscope.

甘薯淀粉顆粒的SEM圖像顯示，粒徑在幾微米到十微米之間，其形態(tài)特征為球形星形和不規(guī)則形狀。馬鈴薯淀粉顆粒的SEM圖，粒度分布不均勻，小顆粒大小約10微米，大顆粒大小約50微米。玉米淀粉顆粒的掃描電鏡照片顯示，粒徑分布比較均勻，粒徑在10微米左右，顆粒形狀呈多邊形。

The SEM images of sweet potato starch particles showed that the particle size ranged from a few microns to ten microns, and its morphological characteristics were spherical, star shaped and irregular. The SEM image of potato starch particles shows that the particle size distribution is uneven, the small particle size is about 10 microns, and the large particle size is about 50 microns. The scanning electron microscope photos of corn starch particles showed that the particle size distribution was relatively uniform, the particle size was about 10 microns, and the particle shape was polygonal.

在實(shí)際加工過(guò)程中，由于生產(chǎn)原料的不同，條件的不同，運(yùn)輸條件的優(yōu)劣，都會(huì)影響淀粉制品的質(zhì)量，從而影響產(chǎn)品在清淡層次上的口感，并影響淀粉制品的口感。下游產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量很差。因此，淀粉質(zhì)量的調(diào)控顯得尤為重要。

In the actual processing process, the quality of starch products will be affected by different raw materials, conditions and transportation conditions, which will affect the taste of products at the light level and the taste of starch products. The quality of downstream products is very poor. Therefore, the regulation of starch quality is particularly important.

在玉米淀粉顆粒的淀粉檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，一個(gè)重要的就是微生物限度的檢測(cè)，而微生物檢測(cè)往往需要較長(zhǎng)的檢測(cè)周期。通過(guò)SEM檢測(cè)淀粉顆粒質(zhì)量通常更有效。淀粉顆粒的SEM圖像可以清楚地看到淀粉顆粒表面出現(xiàn)孔狀表面形態(tài)，這是由于淀粉顆粒被微生物分解，另一方面也直觀地反映了淀粉顆粒的質(zhì)量。

In the starch inspection standard of corn starch granules, one important thing is the detection of microbial limit, and microbial detection often requires a long detection cycle. It is usually more effective to detect the quality of starch granules by SEM. The SEM images of starch granules can clearly see that there is a porous surface morphology on the surface of starch granules, which is due to the decomposition of starch granules by microorganisms. On the other hand, it also directly reflects the quality of starch granules.

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