可降解材料包括生物降解材料和光降解材料等，由微生物合成的生物降解塑料，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)生物塑料，包括生物聚酯、生物纖維素、多糖類(lèi)和聚氨基酸等，是一類(lèi)能完全被自然界中的微生物降解的塑料。

Biodegradable materials include biodegradable materials and photodegradable materials. Biodegradable plastics synthesized by microorganisms, referred to as bioplastics for short, include biopolyesters, biocellulose, polysaccharides and polyamines. They are a kind of plastics that can be completely degraded by microorganisms in nature.

可降解材料是指在自然環(huán)境下，可通過(guò)陽(yáng)光降解，生物降解，自然降解的材料。可降解材料對(duì)環(huán)境不會(huì)造成危害，降解產(chǎn)生的物質(zhì)也會(huì)被環(huán)境吸收。

Degradable materials refer to materials that can be degraded by sunlight, biodegradation and natural degradation in the natural environment. Degradable materials will not cause harm to the environment, and the substances produced by degradation will also be absorbed by the environment.

當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)上常用的可降解材料是PLA、BPAT和PHA，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈詳述以這三種材料為例。

At present, the commonly used degradable materials in the market are PLA, bpat and PHA. The industrial chain details these three materials as examples.

可降解材料產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上游：為原材料。其中PLA原材料是淀粉、葡萄糖和丙交酯，PBAT原材料是AA、PTA和BDO，PHA的原材料為淀粉、葡萄糖和脂肪酸。

Upstream of degradable materials industry chain: raw materials. Among them, PLA raw materials are starch, glucose and lactide, PBAT raw materials are AA, PTA and BDO, and PHA raw materials are starch, glucose and fatty acids.

可降解材料產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中游為：可降解材料制成品。如餐具、化纖、膜袋、農(nóng)用地膜、醫(yī)療器械和移植物。

The middle reaches of the degradable materials industry chain are: finished products of degradable materials. Such as tableware, chemical fiber, membrane bags, agricultural mulch, medical devices and grafts.

PLA材料是有植物淀粉中提取的材料，具有可塑性的可降解材料，PLA聚乳酸特點(diǎn)：

PLA material is a plastic degradable material extracted from plant starch. PLA polylactic acid has the following characteristics:

1、自然環(huán)境下可通過(guò)生物降解，不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成危害。

1. In the natural environment, it can be biodegradable and will not cause harm to the environment.

2、材料穩(wěn)定性好，可采用多種工藝加工。

2. The material has good stability and can be processed by a variety of processes.

3、生物相容性、光澤度、透明性、手感和耐熱性好。

3. Good biocompatibility, gloss, transparency, hand feel and heat resistance.

可降解顆粒生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)家認(rèn)為，PLA是一種新型的生物降解材料，使用可再生的植物資源（如玉米）所提出的淀粉原料制成。淀粉原料經(jīng)由糖化得到葡萄糖，再由葡萄糖及一定的菌種發(fā)酵制成高純度的乳酸，再通過(guò)化學(xué)合成方法合成一定分子量的聚乳酸。

Manufacturers of degradable particles believe that PLA is a new type of biodegradable material, which is made from starch raw materials proposed by renewable plant resources (such as corn). Glucose is obtained from starch raw materials through saccharification, and then high-purity lactic acid is produced by fermentation of glucose and certain bacteria, and then polylactic acid with certain molecular weight is synthesized by chemical synthesis.

其具有良好的生物可降解性，使用后能被自然界中微生物完全降解，生成二氧化碳和水，不污染環(huán)境，這對(duì)保護(hù)環(huán)境非常有利，是公認(rèn)的環(huán)境友好材料。

It has good biodegradability. After use, it can be completely degraded by microorganisms in nature to generate carbon dioxide and water. It does not pollute the environment, which is very beneficial to environmental protection. It is recognized as an environmentally friendly material.

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